UPORABA TEORIJE TURBULENTNEGA TOKA PRI PROBLEMIH ONESNAŽEVANJA VODOTOKOV IN OZRAČJA

Najprej so opisani praktični problemi, ki jih lahko rešimo z dvodimenzijskimi matematičnimi modeli, ki uporabljajo teorijo turbulentnega toka. To so po eni strani primeri, kjer potrebujemo podatke o detajlnemrazporedu hitrosti in tlakov ali globin, po drugi strani pa primeri, kjer nas zanima širjenje in spreminjanje koncentracije snovi ali toplote, ki jo dovajamo v vodotok ali ozračje (fizikalne ali kemične odplake, hladilna voda termo- ali nuklearnih elektrarn). Dalje so opisane osnovne značilnosti turbulentnega toka, nato pa osnovne enačbe, to so dinamična, kontinuitetna in konvekcij-sko-difuzijska enačba. Na koncu so še na kratko opisane numerične metode za reševanje teh enačb.

APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF TURBULENCE IN THE PROBLEMS OF WATER AND AIR POLLUTION

First we describe some practical problems, which can be solved by twodimensional mathematical models, using the theory of turbulence. In one type of these problems we need detailed information about the velocity and pressure (or depth) fields. In the second type of problems, we must determine the spreading and the change of concentration of pollutant or heat, wich is introduced into a river, lake, sea or air. (physical or chemical pollutants, cooling water from thermo- or nuclear power plants). Further, the basic equations are described i. e. dynamic, contiunity and convection — diffusion equations. At last a brief overwiev of numerical methods used for solving these equations is given.